Discover the Ancient Caves of Sri Lanka – A Journey Through Time

Although cave exploration is not a sought-after activity in Sri Lanka, there are some incredible subterranean sites around the island that are worth visiting. From ancient rock temples like the Dambulla Cave Temple to underground caves nestled in thick forests, Sri Lankan caves are true hidden gems. Whether you’re a history buff or adventure-seeker, the caves of Sri Lanka promise an unforgettable experience. Here are six of the most important ancient caves in Sri Lanka:

The largest and best known cave complex in Sri Lanka – the Dambulla cave temple – dates back to the 1st Century BCE. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located close to the Sigiriya Rock. The complex consists of 6 caves, housing marvels such as a 15ft rock statue of the Buddha, Hindu gods such as Vishnu and the kings Valagambahu and Nissanka Malla, two benefactors of the temple. The cave roof is adorned with murals depicting scenes from Jataka tales. Caves 3-5 belong to the period of the later Kandyan kingdom and contain about 40 images of the Buddha. In all, there are over 150 statues.

Visitors to Dambulla will have an array of accommodation to choose from, such as the charming Jetwing Lake, overlooking a scenic tank.

The Aluvihara Cave Temple is located near Matale in central Sri Lanka. This ancient rock temple is known as the place where the Buddhist scriptures, the Tripitaka, were first transcribed into written form in the 1st century BCE. The temple’s caves house sacred Buddhist artefacts and are known for the ancient murals which depict gory scenes of hell. There are also many inscriptions to be found. The cave is surrounded by stunning rock formations and greenery. It’s a must-visit for those interested in Sri Lanka’s culture and religious heritage.

This is one of the two prehistoric caves found in the area off Kuruwita, a small town on the Colombo-Ratnapura road. Batatotalena Cave is also known as Diva Guhava (Day Cave). It involves a hike of about half a kilometre and a climb to reach the cave mouth. The name Diva Guhava stems from its association with the legendary visit of the Buddha to Sri Pada (Adam’s Peak). In the main entry area is a small stupa, a pool, and a statue of a monk. The innermost chamber is entered through the Makara Thorana (dragon’s arch) and contains 3 statues of standing and a reclining Buddha. The walls of the cave are decorated with frescoes, and its roof overhangs with drooping ferns. A ledge off the entry offers spectacular views of the surrounding country.

Situated in the hill country resort of Ella at an altitude of around 4200 feet, the Ravana Ella Cave is linked with the legendary ‘demon’ king, Ravana. Access to the cave is off a pathway above the Ella Rest House and involves a fairly steep climb of about 600 steps. The cave itself is fairly small and becomes dark as you venture inside. There are bats and birds nesting on the cave roof. Some excavations have taken place here, which have revealed a few stone implements and human remains.

Visitors to the cave will have several luxury hotels in Sri Lanka to choose from located within Ella and outside, such as Jetwing Kaduruketha in Wellawaya.

Waulpana (cave of bats) is an ancient limestone cave dating back to almost 500 million years. It is located in the remote Rakwana mountain range off the southern town of Embilipitiya. Access to the cave requires a short drive to reach the village. There are 250,000 bats in the cave, hence its name! The Waulpana Cave is the only known cave to contain a subterranean stream. The mineral rich water dripping down the cave roof has helped in the formation of the awe-inspiring stalactites and stalagmites that can be viewed in the main cave.

Pahiyangala Cave, also known as Fa-Hien Cave, is one of Sri Lanka’s largest and most important prehistoric sites. Nestled amidst thick forest in the Kalutara District, this cave is named after the Chinese monk Fa-Hien, who is believed to have stayed here during his travels in the 5th century. Archaeological excavations have uncovered human remains and artefacts dating back over 37,000 years to the Stone Age. The cave was inhabited by humans during this time, and several prehistoric artefacts have been excavated, including tools and weapons. Travellers who come to view the caves can unwind in nearby hotels, such as Jie Jie Beach by Jetwing in Panadura.

The cave complexes in Sri Lanka are known for their religious, archaeological and mythological importance. They are also great places to explore for travellers who want to experience something different.